A Complete List of Irish Last Names & Meanings
Irish surnames have a rich history, often indicating ancestral occupations, physical characteristics, or familial relationships. Here’s a list of some common Irish last names and their meanings:
- Murphy: Sea warrior
- Kelly: Bright-headed
- O’Sullivan: Dark-eyed
- Walsh: Welshman
- Smith: Metalworker
- O’Brien: Descendant of Brian (king)
- Byrne: Raven
- Ryan: Little king
- O’Connor: Descendant of Connor
- O’Neill: Descendant of Niall
- O’Reilly: Descendant of Raghailleach
- Doyle: Dark stranger
- McCarthy: Son of Carthach (loving)
- Gallagher: Foreign helper
- O’Doherty: Descendant of Dochartaigh
- Kennedy: Helmeted chief
- Lynch: Seafarer
- Murray: Seaman
- Quinn: Descendant of Conn
- Moore: Great
These names often begin with “O'” or “Mac/Mc,” meaning “descendant of” and “son of” respectively. The prefixes were sometimes dropped or changed, especially during periods of English rule.
Irish surnames reflect the country’s complex history, including Gaelic origins, Norman influences, and anglicization. Many have spread globally due to Irish emigration, becoming common in countries like the USA, Canada, and Australia.
Understanding these names provides insight into Irish heritage and family histories. They continue to be a source of pride and connection for people of Irish descent worldwide.