The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model
The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model is a research-based and validated instructional framework that has proven effective in addressing the academic needs of English language learners (ELLs). Developed by Jana Echevarría, MaryEllen Vogt, and Deborah Short in the 1990s, the SIOP Model provides a comprehensive approach to designing and delivering lessons that make content comprehensible to ELLs while promoting their English language development.
The SIOP Model consists of eight interrelated components:
Lesson Preparation: Teachers carefully plan content and language objectives, select appropriate content concepts, and gather supplementary materials.
Building Background: Educators link new concepts to students’ personal experiences and past learning, emphasizing key vocabulary.
Comprehensible Input: Teachers use various techniques to make content understandable, such as speaking clearly, using visuals, and providing hands-on activities.
Strategies: Students are taught and encouraged to use learning strategies to process information and complete tasks.
Interaction: Frequent opportunities for student-to-student and student-to-teacher interactions are provided to practice and discuss content.
Practice and Application: Students engage in activities that allow them to practice new knowledge and skills in all language domains (reading, writing, listening, and speaking).
Lesson Delivery: Teachers present lessons that meet planned objectives and promote student engagement.
Review and Assessment: Educators regularly assess student comprehension and learning, providing feedback and adjusting instruction as needed.
The SIOP Model can be implemented across all content areas and grade levels, making it a versatile tool for educators. While initially designed for ELLs, research has shown that the SIOP Model benefits all students, as it promotes engaging, interactive, and comprehensible instruction. By implementing the SIOP Model, schools can create more inclusive learning environments and support the academic success of diverse student populations.