Chorionic Villus Sampling, commonly known as CVS, is a prenatal diagnostic procedure used to detect chromosomal abnormalities and certain genetic disorders in a developing fetus. This test is typically performed between the 10th and 13th weeks of pregnancy, making it one of the earliest available prenatal diagnostic tests.
The procedure gets its name from the chorionic villi, which are tiny finger-like projections of placental tissue that share the fetus’s genetic makeup. During CVS, a small sample of these chorionic villi is collected and analyzed to provide information about the fetus’s chromosomes and genes.
There are two primary methods for performing CVS: transcervical and transabdominal. In the transcervical method, a thin catheter is inserted through the cervix to reach the placenta and extract the sample. The transabdominal approach involves inserting a fine needle through the abdominal wall and uterus to collect the sample. The choice between these methods depends on the position of the placenta and the preference of the healthcare provider.
CVS can detect a wide range of genetic conditions, including Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy. It’s particularly useful for couples with a family history of genetic disorders or for women who will be 35 or older at the time of delivery, as they have a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
One of the main advantages of CVS is that it provides results earlier in the pregnancy compared to other tests like amniocentesis. This early detection allows parents more time to make informed decisions about their pregnancy or to prepare for the potential special needs of their child.
However, CVS does carry some risks. There’s a small chance of miscarriage associated with the procedure, typically around 1%. Other potential complications include infection, bleeding, and in very rare cases, limb defects in the fetus. It’s crucial for expectant parents to discuss the benefits and risks of CVS with their healthcare provider before deciding to undergo the procedure.
It’s important to note that CVS is not a routine prenatal test and is typically offered only when there’s an increased risk of genetic abnormalities. The decision to undergo CVS is a personal one that should be made after careful consideration and consultation with healthcare professionals.
