The Summer Slide refers to the loss of academic skills and knowledge that many students experience during the summer break from school. This phenomenon, also known as summer learning loss or summer setback, can have significant impacts on student achievement and educational equity. Research has consistently shown that students, on average, lose about one month […]

The Student Growth Percentile (SGP) model is a statistical approach used to measure individual student academic progress over time. Developed by Damian Betebenner in 2008, the SGP model has gained popularity in many states as a way to evaluate student growth and school effectiveness. Unlike traditional achievement measures that focus solely on proficiency levels, SGPs […]

The State Department of Education, also known as the State Education Agency (SEA), is a government organization responsible for overseeing and administering public education within a state. Working in conjunction with the State Board of Education, this department plays a crucial role in implementing educational policies, distributing funds, and providing support to local school districts. […]

The State Board of Education is a governing body responsible for overseeing and shaping educational policies and practices within a state. While the specific roles and responsibilities may vary from state to state, these boards generally play a crucial role in setting educational standards, developing curriculum frameworks, and establishing policies that affect public schools throughout […]

The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model is a research-based and validated instructional framework that has proven effective in addressing the academic needs of English language learners (ELLs). Developed by Jana Echevarría, MaryEllen Vogt, and Deborah Short in the 1990s, the SIOP Model provides a comprehensive approach to designing and delivering lessons that make content […]

The School-to-Prison Pipeline refers to a disturbing national trend wherein children are funneled out of public schools and into the juvenile and criminal justice systems. This phenomenon disproportionately affects students of color and those with disabilities. The pipeline begins with failing public schools that lack resources to provide quality education and support. These schools often […]

School climate refers to the overall quality and character of school life. It encompasses the values, relationships, physical environment, and organizational structures that shape students’ experiences within an educational institution. A positive school climate is associated with improved academic achievement, reduced behavioral issues, and enhanced social-emotional development. Key dimensions of school climate include: Safety: Physical […]

The SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Administered by the College Board, the SAT assesses a student‘s readiness for college-level work by testing skills in reading, writing, and mathematics. Key features of the SAT include: Structure: Two main sections (Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, and […]

The revising stage is a critical part of the writing process that occurs after the initial drafting phase. During this stage, writers focus on improving the content, structure, and overall effectiveness of their work. Revision is distinct from editing, which typically focuses on surface-level corrections. Key aspects of the revising stage include: Content evaluation: Assessing […]

Reading rate, typically measured in words per minute (WPM), is a metric used to assess reading speed and fluency. It’s calculated by dividing the number of words read by the time taken to read them. While reading rate is an important aspect of reading proficiency, it should be considered alongside comprehension to get a complete […]