What is Sensory Processing Disorder?
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition in which the brain has difficulty receiving and responding to information that comes in through the senses. Individuals with SPD may be oversensitive to certain stimuli, undersensitive to others, or both.
Key aspects of Sensory Processing Disorder include:
Types of SPD:
Sensory Modulation Disorder: Difficulty regulating responses to sensory input
Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: Issues with posture or motor functions
Sensory Discrimination Disorder: Trouble interpreting qualities of sensory stimuli
Common symptoms:
Extreme sensitivity to touch, movement, sights, or sounds
Unusually high or low activity levels
Problems with coordination
Delays in speech, motor skills, or academic achievement
Poor self-concept or social skills
Diagnosis and treatment:
Typically diagnosed by occupational therapists, sometimes in conjunction with other professionals
Treatment often involves occupational therapy with a sensory integration approach
Therapy aims to help individuals process sensory information more effectively
Impact on daily life:
Can affect performance in school, work, and social situations
May lead to emotional and behavioral issues if left unaddressed
Controversy:
SPD is not currently recognized as a distinct disorder in the DSM-5
Ongoing research aims to establish it as a standalone diagnosis
Understanding SPD is crucial for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support and interventions for affected individuals, helping them navigate their environment more comfortably and effectively.