A paradigm is a framework of ideas, beliefs, or patterns that shapes how we understand or approach something. In education and research, it refers to the philosophical or theoretical framework within which theories, laws, and generalizations are formulated.
Key aspects of paradigms include:
- Worldview: They represent a particular perspective or way of thinking.
- Shared assumptions: Members of a scientific community often share paradigms.
- Problem-solving: Paradigms provide models for addressing issues within a field.
- Shifts: Major changes in understanding can lead to “paradigm shifts.”
In education, different paradigms influence teaching methods, curriculum design, and educational research. Some examples include:
- Behaviorism: Focuses on observable behaviors and their modification
- Constructivism: Emphasizes learners’ active role in constructing knowledge
- Critical pedagogy: Examines education in relation to power and social justice
Understanding paradigms helps educators reflect on their assumptions and consider alternative approaches to teaching and learning.
