A molar pregnancy, also known as hydatidiform mole, is a rare complication of pregnancy where abnormal tissue grows in the uterus instead of a healthy fetus. Understanding this condition is crucial for early detection and proper treatment.

Causes:
Molar pregnancies occur due to abnormal fertilization of an egg by sperm. There are two types:

1. Complete molar pregnancy: The egg is empty and fertilized by one or two sperm.
2. Partial molar pregnancy: An egg is fertilized by two sperm, resulting in too many chromosomes.

Risk factors include:

• Maternal age (under 20 or over 35)
• Previous molar pregnancy
• History of miscarriage
• Certain ethnic backgrounds (higher risk in Southeast Asian women)

Symptoms:

• Severe nausea and vomiting
• Vaginal bleeding
• Rapid uterine growth
• High blood pressure
• Grape-like cysts visible on ultrasound
• Abnormally high hCG levels

Diagnosis:
Molar pregnancies are typically diagnosed through:

• Ultrasound imaging
• Blood tests to check hCG levels
• Physical examination

Treatment Options:

1. Dilation and Curettage (D&C): The most common treatment, involving the removal of abnormal tissue from the uterus.
2. Hysterectomy: In rare cases, especially for women who don’t want future pregnancies.
3. Chemotherapy: If the molar tissue spreads or persists after D&C.
4. Monitoring: Regular hCG level checks for 6-12 months post-treatment to ensure complete removal of molar tissue.

After treatment, it’s crucial to avoid pregnancy for at least one year. Use reliable contraception during this time.

While a molar pregnancy can be distressing, with proper medical care, the prognosis is generally good. Most women can go on to have healthy pregnancies in the future. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment options.