Internal working models are a concept in attachment theory, primarily developed by psychologist John Bowlby. These models refer to the mental representations that individuals form about themselves, others, and relationships based on their early experiences with caregivers.

Key aspects of internal working models:

1. Formation: Developed primarily through early childhood experiences.
2. Content: Include beliefs about self-worth, trustworthiness of others, and relationship dynamics.
3. Influence: Shape perceptions, behaviors, and expectations in future relationships.
4. Persistence: Tend to be stable over time but can be modified through new experiences.

Components of internal working models:

1. Model of self: Beliefs about one’s own lovability, competence, and worth.
2. Model of others: Expectations about the availability, responsiveness, and trustworthiness of others.
3. Model of relationships: Understanding of how relationships work and what to expect from them.

Impact on development and relationships:

• Secure attachment: Positive models of self and others, leading to healthy relationships.
• Insecure attachment: Negative or inconsistent models, potentially leading to relationship difficulties.

In educational and therapeutic contexts, understanding internal working models can help in:

• Addressing behavioral issues
• Improving student-teacher relationships
• Developing interventions for social-emotional learning
• Guiding counseling and therapy approaches

Awareness of internal working models is crucial for educators and mental health professionals in understanding and supporting individuals’ social and emotional development.