Understanding your menstrual cycle is crucial for monitoring reproductive health and planning for conception or contraception. The menstrual cycle is typically divided into four main phases, each with distinct hormonal and physical changes.

The first day of your period marks the beginning of the follicular phase. During this time, the uterine lining sheds, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rise, stimulating the growth of several ovarian follicles. This phase typically lasts 10-14 days.

Next comes ovulation, usually occurring around day 14 in a 28-day cycle. A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This is the most fertile period of the cycle.

The luteal phase follows ovulation and lasts about 14 days. The ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, producing progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation. If pregnancy doesn’t occur, hormone levels drop.

Finally, if the egg isn’t fertilized, the cycle concludes with menstruation, where the uterine lining is shed, marking the beginning of a new cycle.

It’s important to note that cycle length can vary among women and even from month to month for the same woman. Factors like stress, diet, exercise, and certain medical conditions can affect cycle regularity.

Tracking your cycle can help you understand your body better, predict ovulation for family planning, and identify potential health issues. Many women use apps or physical calendars to monitor their cycles, noting symptoms like mood changes, breast tenderness, and cervical mucus consistency.

If you experience significant irregularities or concerning symptoms, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider. They can help ensure your menstrual health and address any potential underlying issues.